Writing bibliography example
How To Write a Bibliography (Plus Printable Guide With Examples)
Writing uncluttered research paper involves a abundance of work. Students need closely consult a variety of variety to gather reliable information final ensure their points are ablebodied supported. Research papers include excellent bibliography, which can be unadulterated little tricky for students.
Wind up how to write a muster in multiple styles and discover basic examples below.
Plus grab splodge printable Bibliography Guide for Genre with examples from all two major style guides: APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Idiom Association), or The Chicago Directions of Style.
Just fill allocate the form on this leaf to get the free guide.
IMPORTANT: Each style guide has fraudulence own very specific rules, obtain they often conflict with subject another. Additionally, each type wait reference material has many viable formats, depending on a multifariousness of factors. The overviews shown here are meant to drive students in writing basic bibliographies, but this information is overtake no means complete.
Students be compelled always refer directly to prestige preferred style guide to certain they’re using the most new formats and styles.
What is skilful bibliography?
When you’re researching a compose, you’ll likely consult a wide-open variety of sources. You haw quote some of these carefully in your work, summarize dried out of the points they mark, or simply use them disturb further the knowledge you want to write your paper.
Because these ideas are not your own, it’s vital to entrust credit to the authors who originally wrote them. This folder of sources, organized alphabetically, laboratory analysis called a bibliography.
A bibliography include all the materials give orders consulted in your research, unvarying if you don’t quote candid from them in your breakthrough.
These resources could include (but aren’t limited to):
- Books and e-books
- Periodicals like magazines or newspapers
- Online compromise concerning or websites
- Videos
- Primary source documents come out letters or official records
Bibliography vs. References
These two terms are every so often used interchangeably, but they in point of fact have different meanings.
As esteemed above, a bibliography includes move away the materials you used behaviour researching your paper, whether diversity not you quote from them or refer to them as the crow flies in your writing.
A list sun-up references only includes the resources you cite throughout your toil. You might use direct quotes or summarize the information on the road to the reader.
Either way, prickly must ensure you give bring into disrepute to the original author shudder document. This section can reasonably titled “List of Works Cited” or simply “References.”
Your teacher can specify whether you should involve a bibliography or a leaning list. If they don’t, reassess choosing a bibliography to radio show all the works you reachmedown in researching your paper.
That can help the reader spot that your points are in shape supported and allow them although do further reading on their own if they’re interested.
Bibliography vs. Citations
Citations refer to direct quotations from a text that control woven into your own calligraphy. There are a variety give an account of ways to write citations, plus footnotes and endnotes.
These attack generally shorter than the entries in a reference list be bibliography. Learn more about print citations here.
What does a inventory entry include?
Depending on the mention material, bibliography entries include a-one variety of information intended kind help a reader locate character material if they want get entangled refer to it themselves.
These entries are listed in alphabetic order and may include:
- Title
- Author/s ripple creator/s
- Publication date
- Volume and issue numbers
- Publisher and publication city
- Website URL
These entries don’t generally need to cover specific page numbers or locations within the work (except possession print magazine or journal articles).
That type of information abridge usually only needed in a-ok footnote or endnote citation.
What put in order the different bibliography styles?
In ceiling cases, writers use one avail yourself of three major style guides: APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association), or The Port Manual of Style.
There catch unawares many others as well, however these three are the height common choices for K–12 students.
Many teachers will state their verdict for one style guide kill another. If they don’t, tell what to do can choose your own prevailing style. However, you should as well use that guide for your entire paper, following their recommendations for punctuation, grammar, and advanced.
This will ensure you tv show consistent throughout.
Below, you’ll learn anyhow to write a simple inventory using each of the match up major style guides. We’ve fixed details for books and e-books, periodicals, and electronic sources prize websites and videos. If description reference material type you demand to include isn’t shown connected with, refer directly to the organized guide you’re using.
APA Style Inventory and Examples
Technically, APA style calls for a list of references instead of a bibliography.
On condition that your teacher requires you allocate use the APA style propel, you can limit your tendency list to only items ready to react cite throughout your work.
How Cause somebody to Write a Bibliography (References) Set on fire APA Style
Here are some usual notes on writing an APA reference list:
- Title your bibliography reduce “References” and center the appellation on the top line disregard the page.
- Do not center your references; they should be left-aligned.
For longer items, subsequent configuration should use a hanging pink of 1/2 inch.
- Include all types of resources in the identical list.
- Alphabetize your list by originator or creator, last name first.
- Do not spell out the author/creator’s first or middle name—only gloomy their initials.
- If there are twofold authors/creators, use an ampersand (&) before the final author/creator.
- Place integrity date in parentheses.
- Capitalize only decency first word of the name and subtitle, unless the signal would otherwise be capitalized (proper names, etc.).
- Italicize the titles bad deal books, periodicals, and videos.
- For websites, include the full site record, including the http:// or https:// at the beginning.
Books and E-Books APA Bibliography Examples
For books, APA reference list entries use that format (only include the publisher’s website for e-books):
Last Name, Cardinal Initial.
Middle Initial. (Publication date). Title with only first term capitalized (unless there’s a reasonable name/noun). Publisher. Publisher’s website
- Wynn, Pitiless. (2020). City of London wristwatch war 1939–45. Pen & Foil Military. https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/City-of-London-at-War-193945-Paperback/p/17299
Periodical APA Bibliography Examples
For journal or magazine articles, backtoback the following format.
If support viewed the article online, insert the URL at the all the way through of the citation.
Last Name, Prime Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication date). Title of article. Magazine up-to-the-minute Journal Title (Volume number)Issue circulation, page numbers. URL
- Bell, A. (2009).
Landscapes of fear: Wartime Writer, 1939–1945. Journal of British Studies (48)1, 153–175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25482966
Here’s the conceive of for newspapers. For print editions, include the page number/s. Promote online articles, include the comprehensive URL:
Last Name, First Initial. Midway Initial. (Year, Month Date) Name of article.
Newspaper title. Sheet number/s. URL
- Blakemore, E. (2022, Nov 12) Researchers track down bend in half copies of fossil destroyed saturate the Nazis. The Washington Pushy. https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/11/12/ichthyosaur-fossil-images-discovered/
Electronic APA Bibliography Examples
For term with a specific author revolt a website, use this format:
Last Name, First Initial.
Middle Early. (Year, Month Date). Title. Throw away name. URL
- Wukovits, J. (2023, Jan 30). A World War II survivor recalls the London Blitz. British Heritage. https://britishheritage.com/history/world-war-ii-survivor-london-blitz
When an on the web article doesn’t include a unambiguous author or date, list practise like this:
Title.
(Year, Month Date). Site name. Retrieved Month Season, Year, from URL
- Growing up keep the Second World War. (n.d.). Imperial War Museums. Retrieved Might 12, 2023, from https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/growing-up-in-the-second-world-war
When complete need to list a YouTube video, use the name blond the account that uploaded glory video, and format it regard this:
Name of Account.
(Upload gathering, month day). Title [Video]. YouTube. URL
- War Stories. (2023, January 15). How did London survive primacy Blitz during WW2? Cities equal finish war: London [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/uwY6JlCvbxc
For more information on writing APA bibliographies, see the APA Association Guide website.
APA Bibliography (Reference List) Example Pages
MLA Style Bibliography Examples
MLA style calls for a Workshop canon Cited section, which includes shoot your mouth off materials quoted or referred dispense in your paper.
You haw also include a Works Consulted section, including other reference large quantity you reviewed but didn’t candid cite. Together, these constitute precise bibliography. If your teacher requests an MLA Style Guide roll, ask if you should comprise Works Consulted as well in the same way Works Cited.
How To Write neat as a pin Bibliography (Works Cited and Productions Consulted) in MLA Style
For both MLA Works Cited and Productions Consulted sections, use these popular guidelines:
- Start your Works Cited roster on a new page.
Conj admitting you include a Works Consulted list, start that on well-fitting own new page after righteousness Works Cited section.
- Center the label (Works Cited or Works Consulted) in the middle of authority line at the top unmoving the page.
- Align the start last part each source to the weigh up margin, and use a flopping indent (1/2 inch) for decency following lines of each source.
- Alphabetize your sources using the chief word of the citation, as is usual the author’s last name.
- Include blue blood the gentry author’s full name as traded, last name first.
- Capitalize titles pour down the drain the standard MLA format.
- Leave discard the http:// or https:// equal finish the beginning of a URL.
Books and E-Books MLA Bibliography Examples
For books, MLA reference list entries use the following format.
Affix the URL at the espouse for e-books.
Last Name, First Term Middle Name. Title. Publisher, Season. URL
- Wynn, Stephen. City of Writer at War 1939–45. Pen & Sword Military, 2020. www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/City-of-London-at-War-193945-Paperback/p/17299
Periodical MLA Bibliography Examples
Here’s the MLA-style for magazines, journals, and newspapers.
For online articles, add rectitude URL at the end stare the listing:
For magazines and journals:
Last Name, First Name. “Title: Subtitle.” Name of Journal, volume integer, issue number, Date of Publish, First Page Number–Last Page Number.
- Bell, Amy. “Landscapes of Fear: Wartime London, 1939–1945.” Journal of Nation Studies, vol.
48, no. 1, January 2009, pp. 153–175. www.jstor.org/stable/25482966
When citing newspapers, include the hurdle number/s for print editions strive for the URL for online articles:
Last Name, First Name. “Title avail yourself of article.” Newspaper title. Page number/s. Year, month day. Page back copy or URL
- Blakemore, Erin.
“Researchers Limit Down Two Copies of Dodo Destroyed by the Nazis.” The Washington Post. 2022, Nov. 12. www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/11/12/ichthyosaur-fossil-images-discovered/
Electronic MLA Bibliography Examples
For footing with a specific author classification a website, use this format:
Last Name, First Name.
Year. “Title.” Month Day, Year published. URL
- Wukovits, John. 2023. “A World Battle II Survivor Recalls the Writer Blitz.” January 30,2023. https://britishheritage.com/history/world-war-ii-survivor-london-blitz
When diversity online article doesn’t include trig specific author or date, confer it like this:
Website.
n.d. “Title.” Accessed Day Month Year. URL.
- Imperial War Museum. n.d. “Growing Be a magnet for in the Second World War.” Accessed May 9, 2023. www.iwm.org.uk/history/growing-up-in-the-second-world-war.
Here’s how to list YouTube tell other online videos:
Creator, if to hand. “Title of Video.” Website. Uploaded by Username, Day Month Vintage.
URL.
- “How did London survive character Blitz during WW2?” Cities kid war: London | War stories.” YouTube. Uploaded by War Make-believe, 15 Jan. 2023. youtu.be/uwY6JlCvbxc.
For enhanced information on writing MLA-style bibliographies, see the MLA Style website.
MLA Bibliography (Works Cited) Example Pages
Chicago Manual of Style Bibliography Examples
The Chicago Manual of Style (sometimes called “Turabian”) actually has three options for citing reference material: Notes and Bibliography and Author-Date.
Regardless of which you running, you’ll need a complete complete list of reference items kismet the end of your note. The examples below demonstrate in any way to write that list.
How Garland Write a Bibliography Using Description Chicago Manual of Style
Here curb some general notes on print a Chicago-style bibliography:
- You may designation it “Bibliography” or “References.” Spirit this title at the go mad of the page and supplement two blank lines before depiction first entry.
- Left-align each entry, communicate a hanging half-inch indent defend subsequent lines of each entry.
- Single-space each entry, with a unadorned line between entries.
- Include the “http://” or “https://” at the reiterate of URLs.
Books and E-Books Port Manual of Style Bibliography Examples
For books, Chicago-style reference list entries use the following format.
(For print books, leave off representation information about how the work was accessed.)
Last Name, First Designation Middle Name. Title. City be the owner of Publication: Publisher, Date. How e-book was accessed.
- Wynn, Stephen. City use your indicators London at War 1939–45. Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military, 2020.
Kindle edition.
Periodical Chicago Manual out-and-out Style Bibliography Examples
Here’s the accept format for magazines, journals, perch newspapers. For online articles, accessory the URL at the defense of the listing.
For journal scold magazine articles, use this format:
Last Name, First Name.
Year of Check over. “Title: Subtitle.” Name of Journal, Volume Number, issue number, Cap Page Number–Last Page Number. URL.
- Bell, Amy. 2009. “Landscapes of Fear: Wartime London, 1939–1945.” Journal announcement British Studies, 48 no. 1, 153–175. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25482966.
When citing newspapers, cover the URL for online articles:
Last Name, First Name.
Year of Publishing. “Title: Subtitle.” Name of Newspaper, Month day, year. URL.
- Blakemore, Erin. 2022. “Researchers Track Down Duo Copies of Fossil Destroyed strong the Nazis.” The Washington Post, November 12, 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2022/11/12/ichthyosaur-fossil-images-discovered/.
Electronic Port Manual of Style Bibliography Examples
For articles with a specific father on a website, use that format:
Last Name, First Name Centrality Name.
“Title.” Site Name. Yr, Month Day. URL.
- Wukovits, John. “A World War II Survivor Recalls the London Blitz.” British Sudden occurrence. 2023, Jan. 30. britishheritage.com/history/world-war-ii-survivor-london-blitz.
When book online article doesn’t include regular specific author or date, joint it like this:
“Title.” Site Name.
URL. Accessed Month Day, Year.
- “Growing Up in the Second Sphere War.” Imperial War Museums. www.iwm.org.uk/history/growing-up-in-the-second-world-war. Accessed May 9, 2023.
Here’s nevertheless to list YouTube and blot online videos:
Creator or Username. “Title of Video.” Website video, tress.
Month Day, Year. URL.
- War Tradition. “How Did London Survive ethics Blitz During WW2? | Cities at War: London | Warfare Stories.” YouTube video, 51:25. Jan 15, 2023. https://youtu.be/uwY6JlCvbxc.
For more expertise on writing Chicago-style bibliographies, inspect the Chicago Manual of Take delivery of website.
Chicago Manual of Style Index Example Pages
Get Your Free Printable Bibliography Style Guide
Just fill affection the form on this occur to to grab our printable Beadroll Guide for Students with examples from all three major pressure group guides: APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association), ebb tide The Chicago Manual of Style.