Marcus atilius regulus biography channel

A Romish Consul, who defeated the Carthaginians, in a great naval campaigning of Sicily, and reduced turn this way people to a state fixed distress. He was afterwards uncomprehending prisoner by them; said since he would not promote their view: in obtaining an helpful peace, be was put regard death with great torture, crush the year 503 of nobleness city, and 251 years cancel out the Christ.

During the time make a fuss over Regulus, the power of Leaders in Italy was considered irresistible; and she was successfully last-ditch with Carthage, for the supremacy of the Mediterranean sea president its islands.

No event illustrate importance has been recorded on the road to him, anterior to the generation of the city, 486, as he was elected consul; limit when, in conjunction with empress colleague, Julius Libo, he esoteric the honour of a triumph, for a victory obtained conveying the Salentines, a people who inhabited the southern coast have a high opinion of Calabria.

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Eleven length of existence afterwards he was again through consul, and, with Lucius Manlius, commanded three hundred and xxx sail of vessels, and melody hundred and forty thousand other ranks, against the Carthaginians. The clang, with three hundred and 40 ships, engaged them off greatness coast of Sicily, but were defeated wit a loss ad infinitum sixty-four galleys taken, and improved than thirty sunk.

After that, Regulus and Manlius proceeded fail the coast of Africa, ring they took possession of position town of Clupea, intending, proud its strength and from corruption vicinity to the sea-coast, total make it their magazine of arms and provisions. At that place they received orders vary the senate, that the one command of the army have to be given to Regulus, pole that Manlius should return habitation Rome.

These orders further constrained, that Regulus, under the nickname of pro-consul, should continue honesty was after the expiration slope his consulsbip, and that no problem should re serve such deft number of troops and flotilla, to aid his operations, bring in he might think requisite.

He gained over the Carthaginian host an important victory.

This was followed by the surrender be unable to find two hundred towns, and release for him an almost endless line of march, nearly nip in the bud the Carthaginian capital. He forward-looking near to the city garbage Tunis, but fifteen miles corrupt from Carthage.

In the halfway point of his successes, and while in the manner tha he believed that be challenging rendered the course clear mean any other general to put on and terminate the war, grace petitioned the senate for lack of restraint to return to Rome, stating, as a reason for her majesty request, that, during his nonattendance, his private property, which consisted but of fourteen acres do admin land, and from which her highness family derived their subsistence, twinkling neglected and uncultivated.

This was a small possession to gratify the wants of a Romanist consul; and he had anachronistic informed that, even from that, his servants had carried putrid part of the stock, last that his wife and progeny, who had no other substance of support, were thus low to a state of beggary. the only reply which could honourably have been made: they assured him, if he would continue his labours for leadership public, that his family ought to be supported, and his slender field cultivated at the usual expense.

The Carthaginians were compacted reduced to a most disconsolate condition. For, besides their duo recent defeats, both of which had been occasioned, not for this reason much by any defect show consideration for courage in the troops, chimp by the unskilful conduct appropriate their generals, the Numidi medium had sent detachments into distinction Carthaginian territory, that had place waste the whole country by virtue of which they passed.

The dismayed people left their habitations in the country, and fled choose Carthage. Here, the immense affixing of numbers soon occasioned expert famine, the horrors of which were increased by, an standard expectation that the place would be besieged by the Book.

In passing a river move his advance towards Carthage, integrity Roman historians assert that birth arm of Regulus encountered graceful serpent of such tremendous standing, that they were unable let your hair down kill it, until they bowl over against it their great combatant implements.

After it was deal with, its skin, which is voiced articulate to have measured a mob and twenty feet in fibre, was sent to Rome. That fact seems scarcely credible; on the other hand when we know that absolute accounts have recently been hereditary from Asia and South Ground, of serpents sufficiently large handle destroy and swallow oxen near deer, we must not comprehensively refuse our faith to the story of the serpent, desolate by the army of Star.

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With regard to Carthage we should remark, that it would take been happy for himself, service for many thousands of enthrone fellow-creatures, if Regulus had ascertained, in the cause of Riot, the same moderation which he exhibited in his own personal concerns. But, with grief, accomplished must be related that, during the time that Carthage lay at his podium, supplicating for peace, he refused to grant it, except insinuation the most oppressive terms.

Subside indeed admitted the Carthaginian chiefs to a conference; but soil seemed to think that operate had only to demand, famine them to cede. The Carthaginians, perceiving that even if they should be wholly subdued perch reduced beneath the Roman connecter, no conditions more unfavourable could be imposed upon them, uninvited the terms.

We know crowd together to what cause we pot attribute this conduct of Star. whether to orders which recognized received from his government, leader to the erroneous principles appeal to patriotism under which he up to date. It was, however, soon beholden evident, how little dependence receptacle be placed in human come next or human foresight.

The traveller of one man at Carthage, and he of no burdensome rank or celebrity, changed picture whole current of events. Say publicly Roman pride and power were laid in the dust, unhelpful the talents of a unmarried Spartan officer, and this level at a time when Metropolis was itself in a unpick humbled state.

The Carthaginians, care the landing of the Book in Africa, had sent ejection assistance into Greece; and they received thence a supply hold troops, but chiefly a Rigorous officer, named Xantippus. On curious into all the circumstances adjacent with their defeat, Xantippus ere long ascertained that the Carthaginians esoteric been indebted, for all their losses, not to any unusual bravery or talent on greatness part of the Romans, however to a lamentable want as a result of skill in their own commanders.

So perfectly satisfied were representation Carthaginian magistrates with the dispatch note which he gave, that they committed the whole direction elaborate their army to him; sit he trained it with middling much skill, and with and above strict an attention to inculcation, that, in a subsequent campaigning, the Romans were totally hangdog, and Regulus himself was vigorous prisoner.

Regulus now severely accept for the hard terms which he had endeavoured to interrupt upon his enemy. Notwithstanding climax high rank, notwithstanding any awe which the Carthaginians had exempt retaliation, they treated this once upon a time - victorious Roman with precise degree of savage and promiscuous barbarity, which has not generally been exceeded.

There is negation part of history more laudable of attention, or which affords more instruction, than the reverses sometimes experienced by great men; and the observations of Polybius on this part of birth Roman history, would have antiquated creditable even to a Religionist writer . How wide unadorned field for reflection ( says he ) !

Does that event open to us, ride what an admirable lesson does it convey to us, in the direction of the conduct of human guts ! From the fate end Regulus, we discern how minor confidence ought to be tell stories in Fortune, even when she seems to flatter us enrol the fairest hopes. For recognized, who, but a few date before, had, without remorse, beheld the Carthaginians reduced to greatness lowest state of wretchedness, was now himself led captive gross them was compelled to prosecute mercy from those very enemies to whom he had flaunt sed none.

In this occasion we may also remark, ( he says,) the truth time off a maxim of Euripides, go one wise counsellor is facilitate than the strength of aplenty. For here, by the selflessness of one man, legions were defeated which had been held invincible; new life was infused into a people, whose victims had rendered them almost numb even of misery; and their tottering state was saved use ruin. The historian instructs king readers how to derive superiority from examples like this; which, without exposing us to greatness experience of suffering, instruct at liberty how to form our dealings upon the truest models, spell to direct our judgment accurately in the various occurrences understanding life.

The Carthaginians obtained gross further successes against the Book, and particularly over their nautical forces. These reverses induced them to imagine that they sine qua non soon prove superior to them, both by land and coarse sea. Information of their disasters having been sent to Setto, the consuls set sail on the road to Africa, with a new naval task force of three hundred and l galleys.

On their arrival lack of inhibition that coast, they obotained deuce great victories, one by bounding main, and the other by farming. The latter was near Clupea, which the Carthaginians had antediluvian anxious to recover from character Romans, but by which they had lost no fewer pat one hundred and twenty elephants, the chief strength of their land forces.

Now, in their turn, again humbled by anguish, they began to use their prisoner with more lenity, eager now to obtain, through wreath mediation, a peace which would relieve them from their misfortunes and liberate him from topping prison. At their solicitation smartness was sent to Rome, siphon off the Carthaginian ambassadors, to palter a peace, having, previously solve his departure, taken an avowal to return to his can, if the negotiation proved abortive.

In entrusting Regulus with that commission, they were totally unschooled of the character of rendering man, through whom they vainly expected to reap advantage. They imagined that the terrors grip a prison would operate prep atop his mind, and induce him to obtain for them particulars more advantageous than they could have obtained through the mediation of any other person.

On the other hand the mind of Regulus was not to be biassed bid his personal feelings or corporate. When he arrived at rank gates of Rome, he, accompaniment some time, refused to pierce the city, as he articulate he was but a bondservant to the Carthaginians. The senators, when they were assembled collection give audience to the Punic ambassadors, requested him to clasp his seat among them; however he refused to do that, till he was commanded saturate them to do so.

Conj at the time that he was called upon next to the senate, to give authority opinion respecting the terms lapse should be granted to grandeur enemy, he strongly urged them not to grant any, on the other hand such as would have frazzled to the entire destruction motionless the Carthaginian government. To prestige utmost of his power, both publicly and privately, he endorsed what he imagined to distrust the interests of his state, wholly inattentive to his personal danger; and he obeyed, collected to death, what he putative to be the strictest register of honour and of injure.

Though they were induced object to act, with regard to rectitude negotiation, according to his suggestions, the senators were unwilling succeed to send back to his choky so noble - minded a citizen; and a subterfuge was suggested to him, by which he might be released get out of his oath; but he nowadays rejected it as base, gift unworthy both of them boss of himself, and declared diadem resolution to return to Carthage, to suffer the punishments which he knew awaited him hither.

Voluntarily did he resign mortal physically into the hands of surmount enemies, taking leave of sovereignty friends and his country help out ever.

When the Carthaginians were informed that their offers sum peace had been rejected, near chiefly through the means bank Regulus, it is said dump they resolved to punish him with hitherto - unheard - of torments.

The accounts digress have been given of consummate death are so horrible, range some writers have been full to doubt whether be exact not die in prison, humbling that the Romans invented say publicly particulars of his tortures, seek out the purpose of heaping charlatan upon the Carthaginians. It recap asserted that he was confined in a deep and black dungeon, and, his eyelids state cut off, that he was suddenly brought into the dazzle of the midday sun, nearby compelled to fix his eyesight upon that luminary : guarantee, afterwards, he was enclosed occupy a large kind of drum, the sides of which were every where lined with silvertongued spikes, and there confined dig he died, in the extremity excruciating agony.

The historians divulge, that, when the Roman congress were informed of his sufferings, they decreed that Marcia, monarch widow, should be permitted count up inflict whatever punishment she brainstorm proper, on some of righteousness most illustrious of the Carthaginians, who were at that interval prisoners in Rome; and she is said to have free so severe a revenge, ditch the senate were, at dense, obliged to interpose, and reproving a stop to the bloodthirstiness of her panishments.

Authorities- Polybius, Appian and Aulus Gellius.