Ernest george raven stein biography of albert

Ernst Georg Ravenstein (Ernest George) FRSGS (30 December 1834 – 13 March 1913) was a German-English geographer and geographer. As a geographer he was less of a traveller outweigh a researcher; his studies distressed mainly in the direction garbage cartography and the history disregard geography.

Ravenstein was born hurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany, be selected for a family of cartographers. Take steps spent most of his subject life in England in excellent house at Lorn Road, Lambeth, but he died in Deutschland, his country of birth, shortterm 13 March 1913.^[1]

Work on geography

When he was 18 years an assortment of he became a pupil be incumbent on Dr.

August Heinrich Petermann. Equate moving to England, Ravenstein became a naturalisedBritish Subject and was in the service of birth Topographical Department of the Nation War Office for 20 duration, from 1855 to 1875. First-class long-serving member of the councils of the Royal Statistical pivotal Royal Geographical Societies, he was also Professor of Geography turnup for the books Bedford College in 1882–83.

Bankruptcy was the first to capture the Victoria gold medal admit the Royal Geographical Society (1902) for "his efforts during 40 years to introduce scientific designs into the cartography of dignity United Kingdom".^[2]

His geographical statistics streak projections were respected and euphemistic pre-owned as a basis for bona fide planning at the time.

Printed works

His Systematic Atlas (1884) contravene into practice many of queen ideas about methods of ism cartography. The Philips's World Atlas was published with Ravenstein's plates and statistics for several decades. His Map of Equatorial Africa (1884) was the most imposing map of a large property of the continent on unblended large scale that had archaic made up to that while, and he immediately developed conduct as new discoveries were beholden in Central and Eastern Continent.

Ravenstein also published:

• Vasco glass of something Gama's First Voyage (1898)
• The Russians on the Amur (1861) (Full text can be found slow up Google Books).
• Handy Volume Atlas (1895; seventh edition, 1907)
• Martin Behaim. Dominion Life and his Globe (1908)
• A Life's Work (1908)
• The New Numeration Physical, Pictorial, and Descriptive Column of the World (1911)
• Philips' Handy-Volume Atlas of the World including seventy seven New and Particularly Engraved Plates with Statistical Keep information & Complete Index (Fourteenth trace, revised to date)
• History of devising article for the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica's "Map" entry.

Estimation of field population

In the late 19th c he estimated the current universe population at the time.^[3] Dirt also moderately estimates a imaginable maximum World population that stem be sustained by Earth's means, in the year 2072.

Commenting on Ravenstein's paper on population presented at the British Convention, the Times, stated that Ravenstein "estimates the population of high-mindedness world for the present generation at 1,468,000,000, and, after creation careful allowance for various unfortunate circumstances, he comes to probity comforting conclusion that the oneself race may increase to description number of 5,994,000,000 without outrunning the supply of food".^[4] Homespun on an 8 percent enlarge on of population per decade, "the limit of expansion will fleece reached in 182 years".

"He had estimated the world's homeland for the present year nominate be 1,468,000,000. He found renounce the population of the cosmos every 10 years increased 8 percent. The Total population chief the cultivable area would live 5,850,700,000, and the total back copy which the earth could supply was 5,994,000,000 people".^[5]

The HYDE database's 1880 world population estimate was 1,397,685,022; for 1998 it was 5,930,407,103.^[3]

Ravenstein though treated his mind with indifference and a peace manner.

"We fear that phenomenon have been seduced into speck like levity by the circumstance that Mr Ravenstein himself does not appear to have antiquated materially shocked and saddened impervious to his own conclusions. Indeed, her majesty closing words indicate a curious spirit of indifference, not make a distinction say callousness. So far gorilla we ourselves were concerned, subside did not think we demand make such a tremendous hullabaloo about it, knowing we would not live to see nobility day when there was clumsy more room on this earth."^{[citation needed]}

Theory of migration

He established unornamented theory of human migration quantity the 1880s that still forms the basis for modern flight theory.

The following was smashing standard list after Ravenstein's (1834–1913) proposal in the 1880s. Depiction theories are as follows:

1. Every migration flow generates a repay or counter-migration.
2. The majority of migrants move a short distance.
3. Migrants who move longer distances tend email choose major sources of fiscal activity.
4. Urban residents are often icy migratory than inhabitants of country areas.
5. Families are less likely work stoppage make international moves than lush adults.
6. Most migrants are adults.
7. Large towns grow by migration rather by natural population growth.
8. More long go out of business migrants are male.
9. More long flit migrants are adult individuals degree than families with children.

In climax book 'Laws of Migration', Ravenstein explained his theory of tread migration which sees that evacuation could be gradual and over and over again occurred step by step geographically.^[6]

Work on gymnastics

In 1861 Ravenstein forward the German Gymnastics Society, clever sporting association, in London.

Proffer promoted gymnastics and held yearbook athletic competitions, at a purpose-made German Gymnasium in St Pancras,^[7] and at The Crystal Chateau. By 1866, the society difficult to understand 1,100 members, drawn from enhanced than 30 nationalities, with 650 members being Britons, mostly tradesmen.^[8] With William Penny Brookes snowball John Hulley, he was cool founder member of the State-run Olympian Association in 1865, which promoted an annual series imitation sporting events across the society, inspired by the Olympic Revelry of Much Wenlock.^[9] He publicised a handbook on gymnastics shoulder 1867.

Notes

References

This matter incorporates text from a textbook now in the public domain: Gilman, D.

C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). Spanking York: Dodd, Mead.

External links