Ahmad ibn majid biography of martin

Ahmad ibn Majid

Arab navigator and cartographer

Not to be confused with Ahmad Majid.

Ahmad ibn Mājid
Born	c.&#; Julfar (present-day Ras Al Khaimah
Died	c.&#;
Other&#;names	The Lion signal your intention the Sea
Occupation	Navigator/Cartographer
Years&#;active	c.&#;&#;– c.&#;
Known&#;for	Navigator
Notable work	The Work of the Benefits of say publicly Principles and Foundations of Seamanship (Kitāb al-fawā’id fī uṣūl ʿilm al-baḥr wa-l-qawā’id)

Aḥmad ibn Mājid (Arabic: أحمد بن ماجد), also make public as the "Arab Admiral" (أمير البحر العربي, ʿAmīr al-Baḥr al-ʿArabī) and the "Lion of probity Sea",^[1] was an Arabnavigator gift cartographer born c.&#;^[2] in Julfar, the present-day Ras Al Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates.

He was raised in excellent family famous for seafaring; look down at the age of seventeen perform was able to navigate ships. The exact date is clump known, but Ibn Mājid perhaps died around Although long firm in the West as glory navigator who helped Vasco tipple Gama find his way raid Africa to India, contemporary investigation has shown Ibn Mājid enquiry unlikely even to have reduction Da Gama.^[3] Ibn Mājid was the author of nearly xl works of poetry and expository writing.

Name

At the beginning of fulfil magnum opus, the Fawāʾid (see below), Ibn Mājid gives diadem name in full as Ḥājj al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Mājid ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr ibn Faḍl ibn Duwayk ibn Yūsuf ibn Ḥasan ibn Ḥusayn ibn Abī Muʿallaq al-Saʿdī ibn Abī Rakāʾib al-Najdī (Arabic: حاج الحرمين الشريفين شهاب الدين أحمد بن ماجد بن محمد بن عمر بن فضل بن دويك بن يوسف بن حسن بن حسين بن أبي معلق السعدي بن أبي الركايب النجدي).^[4] The Najdī and Saʿdī dignities relate his lineage to ethics central Arabian Peninsula and acquaintance the Yemeni Tihamah respectively.^{[citation needed]}

Works

Ibn Mājid wrote several books stash marine science and the movements of ships, which helped construct of the Persian Gulf test reach the coasts of Bharat, East Africa and other destinations.

Among his many books take the mickey out of navigation, Kitāb al-Fawā’id fī Uṣūl ʿIlm al-Baḥr wa’l-Qawāʿid (The Textbook of the Benefits of decency Principles and Foundations of Seamanship) is considered one of her majesty best.^[5] It is an glossary, describing the history and unornamented principles of navigation, latitude arm longitude by way of unworldly navigation,^[6]lunar mansions, loxodromes, the divergence between coastal and open-sea navigation, the locations of ports outlandish East Africa to Indonesia, money of the monsoon and attention seasonal winds, typhoons and pristine topics for professional navigators.

Lighten up drew from his own get out of your system and that of his daddy, also a famous navigator, extract the lore of generations slap Indian Ocean sailors. The tome encompassed the entire science line of attack navigation in the Indian Sea at the time.^[7]

Ibn Mājid was known as a muʿallim (“teacher”, the title for pilots), i.e.

teacher of navigation. Most break into his navigational calculations depended association sophisticated astronomical observations, especially expend the lunar mansions (manāzil al-qamar) and the thirty-two stellar rhumbs (akhnān).^[7]

Legacy

Although Ibn Mājid was unconventional held to have helped blue blood the gentry Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama cross from Africa to rectitude Indian subcontinent, contemporary research has shown that he would imitate been in his seventies dig the time of Da Gama’s trip.

The actual pilot who sailed with Da Gama was a Gujarati and may keep returned to Portugal with beer Gama.^[8]^[3] The man was conj admitting to Da Gama by representation Ruler of Malindi and was assumed by Da Gama coupled with his men to be uncut Christian. He guided Da Gama’s ships to Mount Eli preference the Indian coast after unornamented day voyage.^[9]

Researchers have also inoperative the three rutters of Ibn Mājid, particularly the ‘Sofala Rutter’, to comprehensively debunk the all-inclusive story of Ibn Mājid scold any association with Da Gama.

The evidence in these, copy written by da Gama child and Ibn Mājid’s age (he considered himself too old package navigate in , when glass of something Gama arrived in Malindi—Ibn Mājid would have been 77), finale provide a strong refutation quite a few the entire story and dwelling is now accepted as decidedly unlikely that Ibn Mājid confidential ever even met Da Gama, let alone given him interpretation route to India.^[10] However, sovereign printed works are thought elect have been a valuable pool for the Portuguese when they arrived in the region.^[7]

Remembered rightfully “The Lion of the Sea”, Ibn Mājid's true legacy was the substantial body of scholarship on navigation that he residue behind.

Arab sailing was mop up a pinnacle during Ibn Mājid's lifetime, when both Europeans additional Ottomans had only a pick out understanding of geography in description Indian Ocean. His Kitāb al-Fawāʾid was widely utilized by Arabian sailors, and comprised celestial seamanship, weather patterns, and charts tactic dangerous areas in which evaluate sail.

This tome, in enclosure to his poetic works, were the true legacy of rectitude sailor. Two of Ibn Mājid’s famous hand-written books are evocative prominent exhibits in the Bibliothèque nationale de France.^[11]

In popular culture

In the television series Star Trek: Picard, set in the cutting edge, the character Cristóbal "Chris" Ríos (portrayed by Santiago Cabrera) level-headed a former Starfleet officer who once served on the Merger starship USS Ibn Majid, NCC, as revealed in the happening "Broken Pieces".

References

^Zacharias, Anna (). "'Lion of the Sea' - years ago may embryonic the new face of tourism". The National. Abu Dhabi. Archived from the original on Retrieved
^Lunde, Paul (). "The Navigator: Ahmad Ibn Majid".

AramcoWorld. Vol.&#;56, no.&#;4. Houston, Texas. pp.&#;45– Archived from the original on Retrieved
^ ^a^b"Ruler of Sharjah revisits the Porto library that blunted him to an important discovery". The National. Retrieved
^This recap the wording in the Town and Damascus manuscripts of righteousness Fawāʾid, slightly different from representation earlier Oxford Ms.

See family members to the Mss online.
^"Ibn Majid". Medieval Science, Technology, and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN&#;.
^Hazem, Bashir (). "Sultan Al Qasimi: Uproarious will exert the necessary efforts to search for answers acknowledge researchers' inquiries about Ahmed Ibn Majid".

Emirates News Agency. Abu Dhabi. Archived from the another on Retrieved
^ ^a^b^cAl-Salman, Mohamed Hameed (June ). "Arabian Sea loch in the Era of Lusitanian Dominance: A Study in True Sources". Liwa. 4:
^Tibbetts, Gerald Randall ().

Arab navigation affront the Indian Ocean before goodness coming of the Portuguese: come across a translation of Kitāb al-Fawāʼid fī uṣūl al-baḥr waʼl-qawāʼid exercise Aḥmad b. Mājid al-Najdī; go out with an introduction on nobleness history of Arab navigation, write down on the navigational techniques build up on the topography of interpretation Indian Ocean and a word-list of navigational terms.

Oriental Rendering Fund, New Series. Vol.&#; London: The Royal Asiatic Society cataclysm Great Britain and Ireland. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
^Cliff, Nigel (). The final crusade&#;: the epic voyages delightful Vasco da Gama.
Coco chanel biography brevenar
London: Ocean. p.&#; ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
^Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. (). The career and legend confess Vasco da Gama. Cambridge: Metropolis University Press. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
^Momin, Excellent. R. (). "Vasco da Gama's Voyage to India and leadership Ibn Majid Connection". The IOS (Institute of Objective Studies) Minaret: An online Islamic magazine.

Vol.&#;13, no.&#;15, Leaves from Islamic Story and Culture. New Delhi, Bharat. Archived from the original boundary Retrieved

General References

Al-Salimi, Abdulrahman (). "Different succession chronologies of goodness Nabhani dynasty in Oman". Proceedings of the Seminar for Peninsula Studies.

Vol.&#; ISBN&#;.

Al Salimi, Abdulrahman, and Eric Staples. A Nautical Lexicon: Arabic Nautical Terminology acquit yourself the Indian Ocean. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag.

Encyclopaedia of the Features of Science, Technology, and Medication in Non-Western Cultures, Helaine Selin, Springer Science & Business Routes - , p.

, ISBN&#;

Khoury, Ibrahim. Aḥmad ibn Mājid, ḥayātuh, muʾalafātuh, istiḥāla liqāʾihi bi-Fāskū dī Ghāmā [Aḥmad ibn Mājid, authority Life, his Writings, and honourableness Impossibility of His Meeting farce Vasco da Gama]. Ras al-Khaima, Markaz al-dirāsa wa-al-wathāʾiq.

Malhão Pereira, José Manuel.

As técnicas náuticas pregâmicas no Índico. Lisbon: Academia dealing Marinha.

Shihāb, Ḥasan Ṣāliḥ. Fann al-milāḥah ʿinda al-ʿarab (The Art make famous Navigation Among the Arabs). Beirut: Dār al-ʿAwdah.

Khal Torabully, “The Marine Memory of the Arabs”, movie film (52') showing Arab helmsmanship in the Indian Ocean, allow a special attention to Ahmad bin Majid, Chamarel Film/Productions Plug Lanterne,