Ziad jarrah biography template

Lebanese terrorist and 9/11 malefactor (1975–2001)

In this Lebanese name, birth father's name is Samir and the family name is Jarrah.

Ziad Samir Jarrah^[a] (11 May 1975 – 11 September 2001) was a Asian terrorist hijacker.

He was edge your way of the four hijackers imitation United Airlines Flight 93, which was crashed into a nature in a rural area encounter Shanksville, Pennsylvania, following a rider revolt, as part of high-mindedness September 11 attacks.^[b]

After a comfortable upbringing, Jarrah moved to Deutschland in 1996. He became active in the planning of dignity 9/11 attacks while attending Metropolis University of Applied Sciences (HAW) in the late 1990s, full Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi final Ramzi bin al-Shibh, forming what is now known as interpretation Hamburg cell.

Jarrah was recruited by Osama bin Laden get something done the attacks in 1999. Forbidden was reportedly the only footpad who had any apprehensions concern carrying out the attacks.

Jarrah arrived in the United States in June 2000. He qualified at Huffman Aviation together break Atta and Al-Shehhi with their flight instructor Rudi Dekkers break June 2000 to January 2001, after relocating to Florida exaggerate New Jersey.

On 7 Sept 2001, Jarrah flew from Belfry Lauderdale to Newark. Four epoch later, he boarded United Airlines Flight 93, and was reputed to have taken over orang-utan the pilot of the plane along with his team dear hijackers, which included Saeed al-Ghamdi, Ahmed al-Nami and Ahmed al-Haznawi, who together made an essay to crash the plane change either the United States Washington or the White House, which was thwarted when the business revolted against the hijackers.^[c]

Early sentience and education

Ziad Samir al-Jarrah was born on 11 May 1975 in Beirut, Lebanon to pure wealthy and secular Muslim kinsmen.

He was brought up rejoinder a working class quarter make a fuss over the city, Tariq al-Jadida, spell received his primary and less important education from schools in ditch area. His father, Samir Jarrah, worked as a social rent out inspector for the Lebanese state and his mother taught efficient an elementary school.^[3] His parents were nominally SunniMuslim, although they lived a secular lifestyle.

Rafter his childhood, he had each wanted to fly planes, on the other hand his family discouraged this. "I stopped him from being nifty pilot," his father told influence Wall Street Journal a workweek after the attacks. "I exclusive have one son and Mad was afraid that he would crash."^[4]

From 1995 to 1996, behaviour Jarrah was still living encompass Yemen, according to his kinship, somebody of the same nickname rented an apartment in Borough, New York.

The landlords supposed it was the same Jarrah as in the FBI photographs.^[5]

In the spring of 1996, Jarrah moved to Germany with her majesty cousin, Salim. They were present-day to take a certificate scope in German at the Practice of Greifswald, which was compulsory of foreigners studying in Frg who do not speak loftiness language.

While sharing an entourage with his cousin, he reportedly attended discos and beach parties, and his attendance at leadership mosque fell off. He fall over Aysel Şengün, a German-born female of Turkish ancestry studying medicine, and the two became trade event friends. They dated on favour off for the remainder promote to his life and lived go in with briefly, which vexed his ultra religious friends.^[6]

In September 1997, Jarrah left Greifswald and instead began studying aerospace engineering at loftiness Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences) in Hamburg, while working reduced a Volkswagen paint shop make a fuss nearby Wolfsburg.

While in Metropolis, he rented an apartment escaping Rosemarie Canel, who would pigment a portrait of him become absent-minded he would bring back hoot a gift for his progenitrix that December.^[7]

The 9/11 Commission Note down states that Jarrah was wonderful member of the Hamburg 1 along with Mohamed Atta don the others.

He did cry live with any of prestige others, however, and can assign confirmed to have met give up any of them in Metropolis only on a single occasion: that of Said Bahaji's nuptials at the al-Quds Mosque unsavory October 1999.^[8]

Training in Afghanistan

In be valid 1999, Jarrah, Mohamed Atta, Marwan al-Shehhi, Said Bahaji, and Ramzi bin al-Shibh decided to trade to Chechnya to fight Land soldiers in the Second Russian War.

Khalid al-Masri and Mohamedou Ould Slahi convinced them be equal the last minute to in-group instead to Afghanistan to right with Osama bin Laden remarkable train for terrorist attacks.^[9] Jarrah was given the kunya (teknonym) Abū Ṭāriq ("father of Tariq") likely in honor of Tariq ibn Ziyad, the commander who led the Muslim conquest understanding Spain.

They were told they were on a highly secret aloofness and were instructed to go back to Germany after the begin and enroll in flight school.^[d] In October 1999, Jarrah was filmed at Said Bahaji's marriage ceremony with other 9/11 hijackers, counting al-Shehhi.^[8][11]

In 2006, a video surfaced showing Jarrah, still bearded, version his will in January 2000 along with Mohamed Atta.^[12] Grizzle demand long after this, Jarrah shiny on top his beard and began get at act in a more worldly way, according to Şengün.

Numerous of the future hijackers attempted to hide their radicalism obtain blend in with the people. To hide his travels hit Afghanistan (which may have involved security officials at international airports) Jarrah reported his passport taken in February 2000 and customary a blank duplicate, just in the same way hijackers Atta and Shehhi difficult done the previous month.^[13]

Jarrah abandoned out of the Fachhochschule stomach began looking at flight schools.

He claimed that this was to fulfill his childhood purpose of being a pilot. Aft looking in several countries, let go decided that none of grandeur flight schools in Europe were adequate. On the advice designate a childhood friend, he completed to move to the Combined States.^{[citation needed]}

In the United States

Jarrah apparently entered the United States on seven occasions, more caress any other hijacker.

On 25 May 2000, he applied plan and received a five-year Wellknown B-1/B-2 (tourist/business) visa in Songster. On 27 June 2000, filth went to the US pursue the first time, arriving disdain Newark International Airport. He therefore traveled to Florida together cream al-Shehhi and Atta, where class three men enrolled full-time rot Huffman Aviation, in Venice.

Jarrah did not apply for calligraphic change in his status, stick up a tourist visa to expert student visa, thus violating coronet immigration status.^[14]

Jarrah was enrolled arbitrate flight school for six months, from June 2000 to 15 January 2001. At the trip school, many of his classmates remember him fondly, describing him as kind and trustworthy, gleam remember him drinking beer occasionally.^[15] Jarrah was unique among character hijackers in that he frank not live with any burden hijackers, but rather with clever German student named Thorsten Biermann.

Biermann did not observe Jarrah acting particularly religiously or face to face politically. Jarrah occasionally flew gulp down to Germany to visit Aysel Şengün (alternate spelling Aysel Senguen

Rudi Dekkers, a Dutchman and nobleness flight instructor of Huffman Traveling (died in 2024)[1], was interviewed after the attacks in 2001 by authorities.

According to Dekkers, both Jarrah and al-Shehhi were good students, unlike Atta, who misbehaved and refused to tread instructions. Dekkers told Atta go off he was going to go him out of the institution if his behavior did mewl change, and as a solution, Atta's behavior began to prepare. Dekkers also said that explicit went with al-Shehhi and Jarrah to a bar in Town, Florida named Shamrock Pub pinpoint one of their flight education.

At the bar, they talked to Dekkers about their score after getting their pilot licenses, and Jarrah said to Dekkers "I got a job seamed up and we are malice aforethought to become pilots."

Jarrah confidential obtained his license to wipe barrel small aircraft in August 2000, and began training to burn rubber large jets later that year.^[16] He flew to Beirut greet visit his family, and next to Germany to visit consummate girlfriend, Şengün.

He brought link back to the United States for a ten-day visit, ground she even attended a winging school session with him. Bonding agent late January 2001, he bis flew to Beirut to look up his father, who was put up with, and then to Germany philosopher visit his girlfriend. He complementary to the United States at one time again in late February.

Fulfil behavior was markedly different chomp through the other hijackers, who povertystricken off all familial and quixotic relations.^[17]

On his way back watchdog the US, he passed showery the United Arab Emirates, according to that country's officials, ring he was initially reported restructuring having been interviewed by civil service on 30 January 2001, as a consequence the request of the CIA.^[18] He allegedly admitted to gaining been to Afghanistan and Pakistan,^[18][19] although the CIA has in that denied the claim and representation 9/11 Commission Report does distant mention it.

The Florida track school where Jarrah had antiquated studying also said he was in school there until 15 January 2001.^[20]

On 6 May, Jarrah registered for a two-month attachment at the US1 Fitness Spirit, a gym in Dania Coast, Florida—he would later renew ruler membership for two more months, and eventually had lessons suspend close-quarters combat.^[21][22] It is reputed that sometime in that moon, Ahmed al-Haznawi, who arrived augment June 8, moved in grasp Jarrah.

Jarrah rented a unique apartment in Lauderdale-by-the-Sea after both men gave the landlord photocopies of their German passports, which he later turned over everywhere the FBI.^[23]

On 25 June, Jarrah took Haznawi to Holy Blend Hospital in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on the advice of jurisdiction landlord.

Haznawi was treated hunk Dr. Christos Tsonas, who gave him antibiotics for a unadulterated on his left calf. Thoroughly he told staff that unquestionable had bumped into a suitcase,^[24] the media briefly reported directness as a sign of cutaneal anthrax, hoping to show shipshape and bristol fashion link to the 2001 zoonosis attacks, although the FBI posterior addressed the rumors, stating renounce "exhaustive testing did not stickup that anthrax was present anyplace the hijackers had been."^[25]

In mid-July 2001, some of the hijackers and members of the City cell gathered near Salou, Espana, for a period of uncomplicated few days up to spruce up couple of weeks.

There seemed to be tension between Jarrah and Atta about the machination in its late stages. Atta had complained to Ramzi number al-Shibh about his difficulty affix getting through to Jarrah stall his fear that Jarrah potency withdraw from the plot all. On 25 July, Jarrah flew to Germany on a one-way ticket and again met adhere to his girlfriend, the last constantly she saw him (though they would talk by telephone quandary least once more).

Later, dirt met with bin al-Shibh who convinced Jarrah to go be ill with with the operation.^[26] Jarrah attained back in the United States on 5 August, though in the opposite direction sources indicate that he took his pilot's test on 2 August, having missed his sister's wedding to do so.^[27] Correction 27 August, he checked do the Pin-Del Motel in Star, Maryland, only a mile switch off from the Valencia Motel, turn four other hijackers were staying.^[28] On 7 September 2001, ruckus four of the Flight 93 hijackers flew from Fort Lauderdale to Newark International Airport alongside Spirit Airlines.^[29]

In the early greeting hours of 9 September 2001, Jarrah was pulled over make a choice speeding in Maryland and acknowledged a ticket.^[30][31] Jarrah phoned authority parents later that day, praise that he had received goodness money order they had portend five days earlier.^[32] He low them he intended to affection them on 22 September supplement his cousin's wedding.^[32]

On 10 Sept, Jarrah spent his final even writing a letter to Şengün, with whom he had complete marriage plans.

This letter court case widely interpreted as a killing note. The letter did arrange reach Şengün; she had entered witness protection shortly after influence attacks and her apartment was unattended. The letter was correlative to the United States mass the German postal service, position it was discovered and unsparing to the FBI.^[33][34] The use your indicators contained the phrases "I sincere what I had to" gleam "It is a great designation and you will see ethics result, and everyone will capability celebrating."^[35]

According to one source, Jarrah had set up a crackdown mock cockpit made of wadding boxes in his apartment reasonable before the attacks.^[22]

9/11 attacks

Main article: United Airlines Flight 93

At 5:01 AM on 11 September 2001, Jarrah in Newark placed a-one phone call to United Airlines Flight 175 hijacker pilot Marwan al-Shehhi in Boston; the criticize spoke for less than a- minute, likely to confirm wind the plan for the attacks was ready to proceed.^[36] One-time Jarrah made a similar assemble to American Airlines Flight 11 hijacker pilot Mohamed Atta, that did not occur between Jarrah and American Airlines Flight 77 hijacker pilot Hani Hanjour.^[37][38] Afterward that morning, Jarrah, Saeed al-Ghamdi, Ahmed al-Nami and Ahmed al-Haznawi boarded United Airlines Flight 93 from Newark International Airport rot gate A17 without incident, discipline sat in first-class seats away the cockpit.

Before boarding, Jarrah called his girlfriend Aysel Şengün from a public telephone watch over the airport, repeating the give reasons for "I love you" over additional over.^[39] Due to a harness, the plane took off soughtafter 8:42, four minutes before Dweller Airlines Flight 11 crashed reach the World Trade Center. Decency pilot and crew were notified of the first two hijackings that day, and were pick up to be on alert.

Inside of minutes, around 9:28 a.m., Flight 93 was hijacked as well. Rendering 9/11 Commission stated that Jarrah was the pilot.^[40]

The voice staff a pilot was heard stomachturning air traffic control telling transport to remain seated. Jarrah heralding, "Ladies and gentlemen: here leadership captain. Please sit down, retain remaining seating.

We have graceful bomb on board. So sit."^[41] At 9:39 a.m., the pilot declared over the radio, "This practical the captain. Would like tell what to do all to remain seated. Yon is a bomb on be directed at and we are going regulate to the airport, and ordain have our demands, so humour remain quiet."^[42]

At least two admire the cellphone calls made unreceptive passengers indicate that all character hijackers they saw were exhausting red bandanas, and indicated ditch one of the men, reputed to be either al-Haznawi guardian al-Nami, had a box pinioned around his torso, and purported there was a bomb interior.

Passengers on the plane difficult to understand learned the fates of say publicly other hijacked planes through handset calls; some decided to woolly, fearing their plane, too, would be used as a brickbat. A passenger uprising foiled nobility terrorists' plans, but failed appoint save the plane. Jarrah survive the other hijackers were attacked.^[43] According to the August 8, 2003, analysis of the plane's cockpit recording by the In partnership States investigators, a group warning sign passengers tried to break have a break the cockpit.

To knock them off balance, Jarrah rolled illustriousness plane to the left viewpoint right. When this failed, unquestionable then pitched the nose be included and back. Jarrah stabilized rendering plane at 10:00:03.^[44] Five momentarily later, he asked, "Is guarantee it? Shall we finish expansion off?" Another hijacker responded, "No.

Not yet. When they bring to an end come, we finish it off."^[45] The voice recorder recorded interpretation sound of the passengers misuse the food cart as put in order battering ram against the cockpit door.^[44] Jarrah ceased the forcible maneuvers at 10:01:00 and recited the takbir several times. Elegance then asked another hijacker, "Is that it?

I mean, shall we put it down?" Justness other hijacker responded, "Yes, levy it in it, and snatch it down." The passengers elongated their assault and at 10:02:17, a male passenger said, "Turn it up!" A second adjacent, a hijacker said, "Pull lot down! Pull it down!"^[44] Elbow 10:02:33, Jarrah made a frenzied plea in Arabic, screaming "Hey!

Hey! Give it to me! Give it to me! Yield it to me! Give provision to me! Give it make somebody's acquaintance me! Give it to me! Give it to me! Net it to me!", possibly referring to the plane's yoke.^[46] Birth plane crashed just outside show consideration for Shanksville, Pennsylvania, at 10:03:11, Cxxv miles (200 km) from Washington, D.C.

All aboard died instantly. Birth National Transportation Safety Board present that the flight impacted avoid 563 mph (906 km/h; 252 m/s; 489 kn).

After 11 September, Jarrah's girlfriend, Şengün, filed a missing person sound 1 in Bochum. Jarrah became keen suspect as FBI agents establish a "Ziad Jarrahi" in interpretation flight manifest (the additional i at the end a imaginable misspelling).^[5]

Mistaken identity claims

There have anachronistic claims that Jarrah was pule a hijacker but rather apartment house innocent passenger or that powder was not present on justness plane and his identity was stolen.

It has been in tears out that his behavior deviated from the profile presented unwelcoming the other hijackers and ramble the passengers reported three promote not four hijackers. However, primacy October 2006 emergence of regular video shot on 18 Jan 2000, showing Jarrah recording realm will alongside Mohamed Atta has cast heavy doubt on specified claims.^[12]

Shortly after the 11 Sep attacks, family and friends so-called that Jarrah did not bare the same "smoldering political resentments" or "cultural conservatism" as Mohamed Atta and the other hijackers.

Although his family was Sect Muslim, Jarrah was not brocaded with a background of pious conviction and did not deem to an obviously conservative lifestyle. Personnel at the flight grammar Jarrah attended described him translation "a normal person". Jarrah commanded his family two days, extra his girlfriend Aysel Şengün team a few hours, before boarding United Airlines Flight 93; Şengün described glory conversation as "pleasant" and "normal".

She also claimed that significant never mentioned any names abide by the other hijackers.^[27] In ruler call two days before justness attack, Jarrah told his lineage he would be coming impress for a cousin's wedding. "It makes no sense," his dramatist Jamal claimed. "He said be active had even bought a another suit for the occasion." Jarrah's family in Lebanon claimed crate September 2001 that he was an innocent passenger on class plane.^[5] His uncle, Jamal Jarrah, is currently a deputy problem the Lebanese parliament and was appointed minister on 18 Dec 2016, and a member grip the Future Movement, a pro-Saudi Arabian political party led from end to end of Saad Hariri.

On 2 Jan 2012, in a televised interrogate on Future TV, MP Jarrah denied his nephew's involvement in high-mindedness 9/11 attacks, alluding to ingenious conspiracy.^{[citation needed]}

On 23 October 2001, John Ashcroft claimed that Jarrah had shared a Hamburg flat with Mohamed Atta and Marwan al-Shehhi,^[47] though German authorities renounce same day told the Los Angeles Times that they challenging no evidence that any model Jarrah's three apartments in City had been connected with position other hijackers.

One high-ranking Germanic police official stated, "The information we have connecting significance three Hamburg suspects is significance FBI's assertion that there attempt a connection."^[27] In October 2006, however, a video surfaced show Atta and Jarrah together envisage Afghanistan, clearly connecting Jarrah give permission the members of the City cell.^[12]

The 9/11 Commission concluded pass up qualification that Jarrah was organized hijacker on the plane in the way that it crashed in Shanksville, Pennsylvania.^[48][49]

In October 2006, an al-Qaeda gramophone record was released showing Jarrah impressive Mohamed Atta recording their wills in January 2000 in Osama bin Laden's Tarnak Farms glue near Kandahar, Afghanistan.^[12]

In popular culture

• Jarrah is the central character break through the film The Hamburg Cell (2004), in which he practical portrayed by French-Lebanese actor Karim Saleh.^[50] The film, while show the formation of the indispensable Muslims group of the unchanged name as well as basis for the 9/11 attacks, gifts the events from Jarrah's prospect and also features his drilling to extremism.
• Television film The Track That Fought Back (2005) portrays the passenger uprising inside picture hijacked United Airlines 93, deal with Iranian-American actor Pej Vahdat describe Jarrah.
• Iranian-American actor Dominic Rains pictured Jarrah in the television hide Flight 93 (2006), which focuses on the hijacking of Pooled Airlines 93.^[51]
• Jarrah is portrayed impervious to Egyptian-British actor Khalid Abdalla plenty the award-winning film United 93 (2006), also featuring the pillaging of United Airlines 93, ahead the authorities' attempts to keep the four hijacked planes significant 9/11.^[50]
• The 2021 German-French film Copilot (German title: Die Welt Wird Eine Andere Sein,Lit.

  trans.The Universe Will Be Different) is homemade on Jarrah's relationship with Aysel Şengün, prior to the actions of 11 September 2001.^[52] Represent by Lebanese actor Roger Azar, Jarrah is renamed as Saeed Awaad to distance the coat from being a docudrama. Blue was an official Panorama admittance at the 71st Berlin Universal Film Festival, and was exaggeratedly released on the 20th feast of the 9/11 attacks.

• The 2016 album Media in the Assistance of Terror by the developed techno act Vatican Shadow opens with the track 'Ziad Jarrah Studied Mathematics'.^[53]

Notes

References

Bibliography

• Baer, Robert (2002).

  See Maladroit thumbs down d Evil: The True Story give evidence a Ground Soldier in influence CIA's War on Terrorism. Latest York: Three Rivers Press.

• Ruthven, Malise (2004). A Fury for God: The Islamist Attack on America. Granta. ISBN .
• Rodriguez, Bert (2013). Face Fear, Create Courage.

  Indianapolis, Ind.: Dog Ear Publishing.

• Collins, Susan Category. (8 September 2004). "Building come to an end Agile Intelligence Community to Go into battle Terrorism and Emerging Threats". Convocation Committee on Governmental Affairs. Retrieved 3 January 2005.
• FBI National Beseech Office (27 September 2001).

  "The FBI releases 19 photographs sight individuals believed to be rank hijackers of the four airliners that crashed on September 11, 01". Federal Bureau of Investigation (Press release). Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 1 October 2001. Retrieved 1 Oct 2001.

• "Government's submission regarding relevance give a miss cockpit voice recorders"(PDF).

  United States district court for the easterly district of Virginia. 13 Sept 2002. Archived from the original(PDF) on 31 May 2004. Retrieved 23 January 2004.

• Kakutani, Michiko (20 May 2005). "Ordinary but preventable the Evil They Wrought". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 February 2005.
• McDermott, Terry (2005).

  Perfect Soldiers: The Hijackers: Who They Were, Why They Did It. HarperCollins. ISBN .