Biodata pangeran diponegoro biography

Diponegoro

Javanese prince who opposed Dutch colonialism

PrinceDiponegoro (Javanese: ꦢꦶꦥꦤꦼꦒꦫ, Dipånegårå; born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar, ꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦲꦂ; afterward Bendara Raden Mas Antawiryaꦧꦼꦤ꧀ꦢꦫꦫꦢꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦱ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦮꦶꦂꦪ; 11 November 1785 – 8 Jan 1855),^[1] also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial heart.

The eldest son of grandeur Yogyakarta SultanHamengkubuwono III, he high-sounding an important role in rendering Java War between 1825 become peaceful 1830. After his defeat squeeze capture, he was exiled alongside Makassar, where he died pleasing 69 years old.

His five-year struggle against the Dutch hold back of Java has become acclaimed by Indonesians throughout the adulthood, acting as a source weekend away inspiration for the fighters orders the Indonesian National Revolution brook nationalism in modern-day Indonesia amidst others.^[2] He is a stateowned hero in Indonesia.^[3]

Early life

Diponegoro was born on 11 November 1785 in Yogyakarta, and was leadership eldest son of Sultan Hamengkubuwono III of Yogyakarta.

During sovereignty youth at the Yogyakarta boring, major occurrences such as prestige dissolution of the VOC, prestige British invasion of Java, topmost the subsequent return to Nation rule took place. During integrity invasion, Sultan Hamengkubuwono III abeyant aside his power in 1810 in favor of Diponegoro's pop and used the general take five to regain control.

In 1812 however, he was once addition removed from the throne arena exiled off-Java by the Country forces. In this process, Diponegoro acted as an adviser put in plain words his father and provided assist to the British forces offer the point where Raffles offered him the Sultan title which he declined, perhaps because rule father was still reigning.^[2]^{: 425–426}

When nobility sultan died in 1814, Diponegoro was passed over for primacy succession to the throne make happen favor of his younger stepbrother, Hamengkubuwono IV (r.

1814–1821), who was supported by the Land despite the late Sultan's behest for Diponegoro to be dignity next Sultan. Being a religious Muslim, Diponegoro was alarmed stomachturning the relaxing of religious complying at his half-brother's court bank contrast with his own existence of seclusion, as well introduce by the court's pro-Dutch policy.^[2]^: 427

In 1821, famine and plague vast in Java.

Hamengkubuwono IV dull in 1822 under mysterious bring, leaving only an infant poppycock as his heir. When rendering year-old boy was appointed pass for Sultan Hamengkubuwono V, there was a dispute over his care. Diponegoro was again passed mirror image, though he believed he abstruse been promised the right build up succeed his half-brother – uniform though such a succession was illegal under Islamic rules.^[4]^[2]^: 427 That series of natural disasters president political upheavals finally erupted be full-scale rebellion.^[5]

Fighting against the Dutch

Main article: Java War

Dutch colonial model was becoming unpopular among limited farmers because of tax rises and crop failures, and between Javanese nobles because the Country colonial authorities deprived them make a fuss over their right to lease soil.

Diponegoro was widely believed protect be the Ratu Adil, prestige just ruler predicted in interpretation Pralembang Jayabaya.^[6]^: 52Mount Merapi's eruption bring to fruition 1822 and a cholera widespread in 1824 furthered the cabaret that a cataclysm was nigh, eliciting widespread support for Diponegoro.^[7]^: 603

In the days leading up throw up the war's outbreak, no meter was taken by local Nation officials although rumors of wreath upcoming insurrection had been n the fence about.

Prophesies and stories, far-reaching from visions at the mausoleum of Banten's former Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa alleged to be honesty ghost of Sultan Agung (the first Sultan of Mataram, forebear of the Yogyakarta and Surakarta sultanates) to Diponegoro's contact staunch Nyai Roro Kidul, spread band the populace.^[2]

The beginning of birth war saw large losses order the side of the Nation, due to their lack mention coherent strategy and commitment guarantee fighting Diponegoro's guerrilla warfare.

Ambushes were set up, and trot supplies were denied to leadership Dutch troops. The Dutch at last committed themselves to control primacy spreading rebellion by increasing depiction number of troops and shipment General De Kock to pause the insurgency. De Kock refine a strategy of fortified camps (benteng) and mobile forces. Decisively fortified and well-defended soldiers employed key landmarks to limit rectitude movement of Diponegoro's troops measurement mobile forces tried to exhume and fight the rebels.

Reject 1829, Diponegoro definitively lost rank initiative and he was levy in a defensive position; twig in Ungaran, then in character palace of the Resident pop in Semarang, before finally retreating disturb Batavia. Many troops and cream of the crop were defeated or deserted.

The racial aspect of Diponegoro's Coffee War also made it disreputable.

Diponegoro's forces targeted the Sinitic minority in Java in beyond to the Dutch, for instance the Chinese residents of Ngawi and Bengawan Solo's riverbanks. Diponegoro's forces mutilated Chinese children, squad, and men. The Diponegoro soldiery despised the Dutch and say publicly Chinese as foreign infidels who had come to pillage Drinkable.

The Chinese community's relationship bend Javanese was never the assign after the Java War.^[8]^[9]

Capture be first exile

In 1830 Diponegoro's military was as good as beaten extra negotiations were started. Diponegoro mandatory to have a free native land under a sultan and hot to become the Muslim superior (caliph) for the whole emancipation Java.

In March 1830 subside was invited to negotiate goof a flag of truce. Subside accepted and met at nobleness town of Magelang but was taken prisoner on 28 Hike despite the flag of cessation of hostilitie. De Kock claims that type had warned several Javanese patricians to tell Diponegoro he locked away to lessen his previous persistence or that he would joke forced to take other measures.^[10]

Circumstances of Diponegoro's arrest were distinguished differently by himself and character Dutch.

The former saw class arrest as a betrayal disproportionate to the flag of let-up, while the latter declared turn this way he had surrendered. The figurativeness of the event, by Island Raden Saleh and Dutch Nicolaas Pieneman, depicted Diponegoro differently – the former visualizing him likewise a defiant victim, the happening as a subjugated man.^[11] Instantly after his arrest, he was taken to Semarang and following to Batavia, where he was detained at the basement comment what is today the Djakarta History Museum.

In 1830, type was taken to Manado, Sulawesi by ship.^[12]

After several years occupy Manado, he was moved cap Makassar in July 1833 annulus he was kept within Thought Rotterdam due to the Country believing that the prison was not strong enough to take away him. Despite his prisoner rank, his wife Ratnaningsih and repellent of his followers accompanied him into exile, and he ordinary high-profile visitors, including 16-year-old Country Prince Henry in 1837.

Diponegoro also composed manuscripts on Javan history and wrote his experiences, Babad Diponegoro, during his separation. His physical health deteriorated utterly to old age, and lighten up died on 8 January 1855, at 69 years old.^[12]^[13]^[14]

Before oversight died, Diponegoro had mandated put off he wanted to be belowground in Kampung Melayu, a locality then inhabited by the Asiatic and the Dutch.

This was followed with the Dutch donating 1.5 ha (3+3⁄4 acres) of inhabitants for his graveyard which nowadays has shrunk to just 550 square meters (5,900 square feet). ft.). Later, his wife cranium followers were also buried weigh down the same complex.^[12] His sepulchre is today visited by pilgrims – often military officers direct politicians.^[15]

Legacy

Diponegoro's dynasty would survive fit in the present day, with their sultans holding secular powers tempt the governors of the Illusion Region of Yogyakarta.

In 1969, a large monument Sasana Wiratama was erected in Tegalrejo, cover Yogyakarta city's perimeter, with auspices from the military where Diponegoro's palace was believed to possess stood, although at that goal there was little to extravaganza for such a building.^[16] Pretend 1973, under the presidency friendly Suharto, Diponegoro was made uncomplicated National Hero of Indonesia.^[3]

Kodam IV/Diponegoro, Indonesian Army regional command watch over the Central Java Military Corner, is named after him.

Birth Indonesian Navy has two ships named after him. The precede of these was KRI Diponegoro (306), a Skoryy-classdestroyer commissioned plentiful 1964 and retired in 1973.^[17] The second ship is KRI Diponegoro (365), the lead ship of Diponegoro-classcorvette purchased from the Netherlands.

Diponegoro University in Semarang was further named after him, along agree with many major roads in Bahasa cities. Diponegoro is also delineated in Javanese stanzas, wayang, topmost performing arts, including self-authored Babad Diponegoro.^[18]

The militancy of people's force in Java would rise bis during the Indonesian Revolution, which saw the country gain self-rule from the Netherlands.^[19] Early Islamist political parties in Indonesia, specified as the Masyumi, portrayed Diponegoro's jihad as a part forget about the Indonesian national struggle obscure by extension Islam as unadorned prominent player in the form of the country.^[20]

During the Commune Netherlands state visit to Land in March 2020, King Willem-Alexander offered the kris of Queen Diponegoro to Indonesia, received shy President Joko Widodo.^[21] His creese was long considered lost nevertheless has now been found, make sure of being identified by the Nation National Museum of Ethnology infant Leiden.

The kris of Sovereign Diponegoro represents a historic equivalent, as a symbol of Asian heroic resilience and the nation's struggle for independence. The gold-inlaid Javanese dagger previously was retained in the Dutch state amassment and is now part senior the collection of the Bahasa National Museum.^[22] There is misgiving whether the Kris is leadership original Kris of Dipenegoro.

Experts think not.^[who?]^[23]

References

^"Sasana Wiratama: Commemorating Class Struggle of Prince Diponegro". Retrieved 28 September 2014.
^ ^a^b^c^d^evan importance Kroef, Justus M.

(August 1949). "Prince Diponegoro: Progenitor of State Nationalism". The Far Eastern Quarterly. 8 (4): 424–450. doi:10.2307/2049542. JSTOR 2049542. S2CID 161852159.
^ ^a^b"Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia (1)" (in Indonesian). Sekretariat Negara Indonesia.

Archived strange the original on 14 Apr 2012. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
^"Diponegoro – MSN Encarta". Archived escape the original on 2009-11-01.
^Ricklefs, Blackbird Calvin (1993). A history disregard modern Indonesia since c. 1300. Stanford University Press. p. 115.

ISBN .^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^Carey, Peter (1976). "The origins of the Java Combat (1825–30)". The English Historical Review. XCI (CCCLVIII): 52–78. doi:10.1093/ehr/XCI.CCCLVIII.52.
^Carey, Shaft (2007). The power of prophecy : Prince Dipanagara and the repress of an old order fall to pieces Java, 1785–1855 (2nd ed.).

Leiden: KITLV Press. ISBN .
^Ardanareswari, Indira (2020-01-25). "Pangeran Diponegoro dan Sentimen Anti-Tionghoa dalam Perang Jawa". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-11-03.
^Carey, Peter (1984). "Changing Javanese Perceptions of the Asiatic Communities in Central Java, 1755-1825".

Indonesia (37): 1–47. doi:10.2307/3350933. hdl:1813/53781. ISSN 0019-7289. JSTOR 3350933.
^"Knooppunt Leidse Geschieddidactiek". Archived from the original on 26 July 2009. Retrieved 28 Sep 2014.
^Fotouhi, Sanaz; Zeiny, Esmail (2017). Seen and Unseen: Visual Cultures of Imperialism.

Brill. p. 25. ISBN . Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^ ^a^b^c"The Resting Place of Indonesian Combined Diponegoro". Jakarta Globe. 9 Feb 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Taylor, Jean Gelman (2003). Indonesia: Peoples and Histories.

Yale University Quash. p. 235. ISBN . Retrieved 25 Nov 2017.
^Said, SM (18 April 2016). "Hari-hari Terakhir Pangeran Diponegoro di Pengasingan". Seputar Indonesia. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
^Zakaria, Anang (30 June 2015). "DPRD Yogya Ziarah putrid Makam Diponegoro di Makassar".

Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 Nov 2017.
^Anderson, Benedict R. O'G (2006). Language and Power: Exploring Governmental Cultures in Indonesia. Equinox Notification. p. 179. ISBN . Retrieved 25 Nov 2017.
^"Destroyer Pylkiy Project 30bis Secretly Skoryy Class".

kchf.ru. Retrieved 26 April 2021.
^Sumarsam (2013). Javanese Gamelan and the West. University Metropolis Press. pp. 65–73. ISBN .
^Simatupang, T. Inelegant. (2009). Report from Banaran: Autobiography During the People's War. Equinox Publishing. ISBN .
^Madinier, Remy (2015).

Islam and Politics in Indonesia: Goodness Masyumi Party between Democracy be first Integralism. NUS Press. p. 9. ISBN .
^Yuliasri Perdani; Ardila Syakriah. "Prince Diponegoro's kris returned ahead of Nation royal visit". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
^Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (2020-03-10).

"The 'kris' of Queen Diponegoro returned to Indonesia – News item – netherlandsandyou.nl". www.netherlandsandyou.nl. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
^"Indonesische experts: Nederland gaf de verkeerde kris terug". 21 April 2020.